A deeper look on the reincarnation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A deeper look on the reincarnation - Essay Example Hinduism is known to be one of the largest religions in the world. It offers a system of beliefs that not only Indians have embraced but are also perceived to be true by some people from all walks of life and racesOne of the famous beliefs of Hinduism that this writer knows about through lessons in school and readings of books is reincarnation. Hindus believe that when a person dies, s/he will be reincarnated to some animal or another human being depending on how a person lived. If a person lives a good life, he will be rewarded in the form of a second life as a person of a higher status in the Caste System. However, when one is not good, he can be demoted to a lower level of person or an animal. For instance, a member of the royal family has been doing bad things in his life as a prince, princess, king or queen; s/he can become a slave in the next life. If a common man or a slave does not behave well, he will be punished and become an animal in his next life. But if that common man or slave does good things in his present life, his next life can be that of a rich person. Reincarnation is a common belief in Hinduism but it is known to have been found among many primitive people in Ancient Greece and Egypt as well (Jones, Whitney and Nault, 8118). According to Enroth, the belief had its origin in Northern India, around 1,000-800 B.C. (2012). Tracing the history of Hinduism, it is said to have emerged from several people of different generations that no one is acknowledged as the sole originator of the religion. There are three periods of the Hinduism wherein beliefs have been acquired and put together to become the modern Hindu religion. The pre-Vedic period, around 3,000-1500 B.C., reflects the animism while the Vedic period introduced polytheism and the caste system, a social scale that was to be incorporated in the belief in reincarnation. The third period in Hinduism is called the Upanishadic period where reincarnation was birthed (Mather and Nichols, 116-11 7). In the process, it is believed that reincarnation takes a lot of times until a person is purified. Only then could a person be able to return to the dwelling place of its god known by Buddhists as Nirvana and for the Brahmanic Hindus, the purified person will be reunited with Brahma or the Universal Power (Jones et al., 8118). According to the World Book Encyclopedia, superstition literally means â€Å"that which stands above, or survives† and further goes on to consider that the opposite of superstition is science, based on observations and reason (Jones et al., 7810). As a belief that cannot be scientifically proven, reincarnation is considered a superstitious belief. It is argued that no one can really prove that a person is a reincarnation of someone who lived in the past however Kevin Williams claims that he was able to prove the validity of reincarnation. In his research, he was able to have twenty children describe spontaneously their past lives by the time they we re able to talk. He even challenges skeptics to do the same experiments themselves. However, on the scientific point of view, this is not enough evidence to claim the fact of reincarnation. John Von Ward claims that, â€Å"A theoretical model or reincarnation based on behavioral evidence will be much more credible than one based on dreams, hypnotic information or extra-dimensional material. People will find the theory much more persuasive if it is based on tangible evidence like physical skills, creative talents, habits, postures, etc than on easily fabricated products of mind.† The belief on reincarnation can be detrimental. The idea of having another life after the present life can make an individual go to the extreme of acting badly with the thought that there will be another life where one could redeem him/herself anyway. People are given the tendency to rely on dreams, hypnotic regressions and other manners of acquiring information about a person’s life. This enco urages them to concentrate on the quest to

Criminals are made, not born. Critically discuss this statement Essay

Criminals are made, not born. Critically discuss this statement - Essay Example In this paper will be discussed why a person would commit a crime, and why a person would need both a sociological determinism and a biological determinism. Biological determinism would include an extra Y chromosome. The normal man is born with only XY chromosomes. Some men are born with XYY chromosomes. Having an XYY chromosome means a man is more aggressive, when a man is more aggressive a man may sometimes commit a crime. Aggressive men commit aggressive crimes. Men with an extra Y chromosome will most often commit crimes like rape, and other violent crimes. This theory is generally accepted. However, it has been determined through conclusive evidence that some men who commit violently, and aggressive crimes like rape do not necessarily have an extra Y chromosome. So if men who commit violent crimes do not all have an extra Y chromosome there must be other determinants in what makes people commit a violent crime. There are also women who commit crime. Women do not have an extra Y chromosome. Some women also commit violent crimes. Therefore, one might need to look at the Chicago school theory. The Chicago school theory of why a person commits crime is one that focuses on a person societal environment. This theory focuses on people committing crime because of the environment they live in. The Chicago school adopts many other theories like the strain theory. The strain theory is a theory that says people commit crimes because these criminals are under strain. The strain can come from a number of sources. Strain can come from breaking up with one’s boyfriend, or girlfriend. Financial strain can come from the environment in which one lives. This is how the strain theory incorporates into the Chicago school theory. The Chicago school theory states that one would commit a crime because of financial strain induced by the environment one lives. Is this possible? Do people commit white-collar crimes, financial crimes, violent crime, and other blue collar crimes due to strain? The labeling theory is one of the most generally accepted theories in criminology. The labeling theory states that one develops deviant behavior because one is often told that one is a juvenile delinquent. The labeling theory states that once someone has a label, it is difficult to get rid of the label. One can also develop deviant behavior because of other labeling. Labeling theory states that many develop deviant behavior, because these people are labeled lazy and delinquent. Many who have been labeled as deviant, and delinquent will often seek the advice, and guidance from other deviant, and delinquent people. Some of these deviant, and delinquent people will be those of gang members. One might think someone with a label of deviant, and delinquent may want to shed that label. However, it appears many do not shed the label. Many are not interested in shedding the label. Many will conform to what society expects them to conform to. When one thinks that someone is no t interested in shedding the label that has them placed upon them one might think that would be impossible. Many people with a label have a difficult time finding a job. Many who are labeled will often commit further crime to meet financial needs. In committing further crime to meet financial needs cuts of a label one cannot find legitimate work. When one cannot get find legitimate

Corus strip products UK’s change management

Corus strip products UK’s change management Corus was formed in 1999 when the former British steel plc merged with Dutch company, Hoogovens. Corus has three operating division, first is strip products, second is long products and third is distribution building system. Corus strip products UK (CSP UK) is based at port Talbot and Llanwern, Newport in south wales. CSP UK makes steel in strip form. This is used in markets such as vehicle manufacture, construction, electrical appliances, tubes and packaging. Corus aims to be a leader in the steel industry by providing better products, higher quality, customer services better value for money than its rivals. In the 2005 CSP UK introduced a cultural plan for change called The journey. The journey focused value and belief of its people. This case study is mainly focused on how Corus strip UK has overcome barriers to change in order to secure a more prosperous future for the business. Using example, explain what is meant by internal and external drivers for change? Introduction: Business, now-a-days is vitally affected by the  economic, social, legal, technological and political factors. These factors collectively form business environment. Business environment, as such, is the total of all external forces, which affect the organisation and operations of business. The environment of an organisation has got internal, operational and general lives managers must be aware of these three environmental levels and their relationship and importance. The term business environment implies those external forces, factors and institutions that are beyond the control of individual business organisations and their management and affect the  business enterprise. Above we describe the environmental factors that require managers to implement comprehensive change programme. Business must respond to these changes to remain competitive and continue to meet the needs of their customers. They need the commitment and support of key stake holders groups such as employees, in order to ensure changes are embedded to shape the organisation for the long term. Basic meaning of the drivers for change: Drivers are something like barriers which are affecting to the business and we must need to change in the organisation to continue running business is good situation in the market. If there is anything that is stead fast and unchanging, it is change itself. Change is inevitable, and those organizations who do not keep up with change will become unstable, with long-term survivability in question.   There are things, events, or situations that occur that affect the way a business operates, either in a positive or negative way. These things, situations, or events that occur that affect a business in either a positive or negative way are called  driving forces. In order for a business to succeed and gain the competitive edge, the business must know what changes are indeed occurring, and what changes might be coming up in the future. I guess you might call this forecasting. Thus, critical to the business is what we call  informational resources.  It is the collection and analysis of data. There are two types of organizational drivers for change one is internal driving forces and other is external driving forces. We are discussing both of the drivers in briefly. Drivers to change Internal drivers External drivers Organization of machinery and equipment Competition Technological capacity Customer behaviour and their requirement Organizational culture Industry outlook Management system Financial management Demographics Poor services Economy Competitiveness Technological changes Employee morale Internal drivers: Internal driving forces are those kinds of things, situations, or events that occur inside the business, and are generally under the control of the company. Examples like, organization of machinery and equipment, technological capacity, organizational culture, management systems, etc. There are many types of internal drivers in the business it resist to change. Organization of machinery and equipment: If in the organization does not used the good equipment and powerful machinery or otherwise this machinery fall in always breakdown so at that time industry loss their production and with using old equipment it cannot produce more. Workers mostly needed good equipment to an easily produced. Like, in steel industry has not good manufacturing plant so their employee cannot produce more. Thus these types of problem mainly arise in the production based industry so it can be solve their barriers to rearrangement of machinery and plant. Technological capacity: In the modern time we using the old technology and thats capacity is lower than new one so its a barriers to the organization to change. Like , A tyre manufacture industry produce a 1000 tyre per day and in the market B tyre industry have good technology and they produce 3500 tyre per day so as compare to the B industry have a more production capacity. Thus this is an internal barrier to change technology for company A. Organizational culture: Organization culture mostly depend on the workers and the high level management staff because in the industry needed more workers this all are not in one state and one area, thus they arise a problem of communication and cooperation so all the different cultures employees in the one place divisions in industry, thus all have a different skills and practices for work. People prefer to live in the company of other people with known habits and traits. This is the reason culture act as barrier to effective communication within an organization. E.g. based on distance, distance is major example of communication barrier that affect an organization. Because every industry offices located in different location give little to people to interact in person and major business communication barriers exists between employees located in different offices. Management systems: Most of the industries success depends on their management system, because they know How to they manage their problem, how they create their policy, what are motto, goal and etc. is affected to the industry. If company not have a good management team so how they create a good system and survive in the market. Thus this one is also an internal factor of the low management system in industry. Financial management: If companys financial position is not good or they have no enough money for the investment so how they survive and compete in the market. Like in India Satyam computer corporation have a big staff and a huge industry but their financial management low, because their chair men Raju ram linga fraud to the finance and give the wrong data in the annual report and then in 2009, that fraud is come out in the market and then after government taking a strong step and stop the handling. Poor services: If the organization doesnt give time to time good service than others thats an internal drivers for change. Like, if McDonalds service staff not delivered the food of the customer requirement and its time so its not good for the companys. Its a one types of barriers to McDonalds must to change their service and give the better service to customer. Thus its leading to loss of business. Competitiveness: If the inside business cannot control of price of the product as compare to competitors industry so they must to take some step and resist to change the price of their product and decrease their product cost. Like, CSP steel produced company in the UK could be more expensive than from some other country. Employee morale: Employee morale is also affected to the business. If in the organization have a low morale employee so they have no idea of how they work and cooperate to other in the industry. Generally many employee have no basic idea of work and their behaviour so they have very low standard and employee has not feeling good and they are not satisfied in the industry, thus company must change their employee morale. External drivers: External driving forces are those kinds of things, situation, or events that occur outside of the company and are by a large beyond the control of the company. Examples of external driving forces might be, the industry itself, the economy, demographics, competition, political interference, etc.  All are the external drivers arise in the outside of the organization. Competition: In the competitive corporate world every company find difficulties to survive and they must change to the compete in market. If Corus steel industry does not change the barriers and they not arrange the programme so they feel very difficult to survive in the competitive market. Todays every industry want to stay in stable market position. Industry should create the prediction of the market and they predict to future, shall they need to change or not, like McDonalds and Sugar n spice. Both are good industry but if one can change the quality so other also improve their quality and service. If McDonalds reduce the price and give a good service then sugar n spice also need to change otherwise its lose their position. Customer behaviour and their requirement: Customer is the king of the market so company has to remember their requirement, like what they want? , what change need? Are they requiring a new product and what they expect from company? This all the basic agenda of to make a potential customer. Corus in steel product it require a quality of steel and outlook of the products. I want to give example of Ashok Leyland vehicle industry, they want trolley of the truck but in the desire level like, maximum gage means thickness to steel plate because depend in thickness to their product life. Industry outlook: Industry outlook means company is good or bad in eye of society, group, local and global people. Every company have their own brand image like, coca-cola brand image, coca-cola is good company as per their behaviour towards the society. Because they provide the better environment to society. Demographics: This barrier is based on the area, Like in Gujarat, Reliance fresh open the store in city in one or two and then after two years later domestic area is increase means population is increase so Reliance also increase their fresh mart store in whole area. Economy: This is the major external factor to the industry. Because economy is includes income, salary, financial position, country growth and growth domestic product (GDP) rate. Like Government control the bike production because the increase the pollution on the environment. Technological changes: In modern time technology is ever change on time to time basis. And industry must walk with the time. In the industry to needed change related to efficiency of infrastructure including Roads, ports, airports, rolling stocks, education, health care, technological impact on the industry, etc. What barriers to change existed at Corus? Introduction: Change may challenge people abilities, experience, customs and practice. And also no one companies todays in a stable environment, every one want to change proceed in the business. Here Corus strip products as a company supported the principles of change and innovation. Thus its would like to change every time and innovate their company. First we discuss the whole factor that may resist changing in the organization. Mainly there are two types of source they are resisting to change. Source Individual sources Organizational sources Addiction or habit Structural inertia Security or safety Limited focus of change Economic factor Group inertia Fear of the unknown Threat to expertise Selective information processing Threat to established power relationship Threat to established resource allocation Others Individual sources : Addiction or often involuntary behaviour : Addiction means a one types of habit to repeat some and some habit, to cope with lifes complexities to responses. But when confronted with change, this tendency to respond in our accustomed ways becomes a source of resistance. For E.g.: In the company employees have a more habit related to a job post, like one who seated in the marketing managerial and this person transfer to the production manager post, so they fed this is wrong or right, its depend on his habit. Security or safety protection : In an every way and in place people want to first basic need and second security. Here people with a high need for security are likely to resist change because it threatens feeling of safety. For E.g.: In an IBM industry more people are doing job related to it. So if company in a difficult situation and difficult want to leave their employees and cut out the salary, this is the basic point of unsecure employee, who lost their job. Here in a Corus company also doing a job relation. So they do the deduct the employee who working in current situation and also deduct the new vacant in the market. Job deduction had been a major thane in the steel industry. Since the 1970s and some of Corus previous change initiations had let to job cut. Economic financial matters : There is many element or economic factor that affects business like income, inflation, recession interest rate, exchange rate and also major elements like economic growth, business cycle, unemployment etc. Business is a now a days is vitally affected by the economic, social, legal, technological and political factors. Corus business has also survived difficult based on employees satisfaction threat to their job. Thus one factor unemployment affect to the Corus because this complacency made change difficult for Corus. Fear of the unknown : Most of the people dont like change because they dont like being change. When comes in to view, fear and resistance to change follows often despite its obvious benefit. In the business people fight against change because they fear to loss something their value or misunderstand to change and its implication or dont think that the change makes sense. In the Corus strip based industrys employees had a fear of the unknown and saw new initiatives as a possible threat to their existing teams and position. More fear affect to the companys value and its reputation. If in the Corus employees has fear to their job so in the market Corus value is down in sight of employee. Selective information processing : Individual are guilty of selectively processing information in order to keep their perception fact. Like is not properly listen what they say, so how they persist and doing this thing. They hear what they want and they ignore information that challenges the world they have created. Organizational sources : Structural inertia : In the structural inertia means organizations have built in mechanism. In a simple word structural inertia means their selection processes and formalised regulations to produce stability. This all are basically depend on the organisation rules and regulation criteria. If in the Corus industry has strong rules and regulation so, no more barriers exist in the company. Here Corus Company is using the principles change and innovation. So its depend on the companies structure what they want and make change. Limited focus of change : Mainly in the company first make strategy and goal of the organization that depend on the process of the business management. If company want to some changes in the strategy so they can do, because its a flexible. If organization process and their strategy is not flexible so end time arise the problem like its barriers to change. So limited changes in system tend to nullified by the largest system. Group inertia : Group inertia in the organization most of people like in production department people want to changes in some norms and regulation based on his working system, so they arise one issue and based on this issue company compulsory make to some resist to change. Threat to expertise : Sometimes changes in organizational patterns may threaten the expertise of specialised group. Threat to established power relationship : In the organization give stable balance of power, authority and responsibility. If any department have more power, so they want anything, and go to in the wrong way. So any redistribution of decision making authority can threaten long established power relationship within the industry. Threat to established resource allocation : In the Corus company have limited resources like its employee and income. Corus company mostly show this resources like capital income and their employees skills and experience so they maximum use this resources. Others : Another issue facing Corus was its ageing workforce. In the UK fewer young people were attracted to the Corus industry because of reduced job opportunities and reduction in apprentice schemes. One more barriers in the Corus its reward system, In the Corus history of rewarding long service rather than distinguished service. Conclusion: I concluded that Corus Company may some changes in the CSP industry. They must change to their attitude towards the employees because most of the employees have fear of unknown. Also they must change their theme, its a job reduction is create a downsizing impression in the market. Corus make fair reward system based on the time based and unit based salary system. Analyse the approaches Corus used to overcome these barriers? Introduction: We cannot solve our problem by spending; we cannot solve our problems cutting back. Education and communication : Mainly depend on the employee s skills and education that they solve the overcome the communication barriers. In the organization a number of barriers can retard or distract effective communication. Like filtering, selective perception, information overload, emotions and language. Corus is overcome these barriers by using the some key technique, like they involve in direct and indirect communication for example provide weekly news letter and workshops. Communication can reduce resistance because it fights the effects of misinformation and poor communication. Participation : Corus has used to overcome resistance to change has been to work closely with employees and share good ideas to each other. This is the main advantage of company because any error in the strategy and in system easily find out and solve in the less time. Corus also participate their employee in decision making because more people easy to take decision. Corus also share with employee to what might happen in the business. Building emotional commitment : Research on the middle manager has shown that when manager or employee has a low emotional commitment to change they favour the status quo and resist it. This approach is based on the companys values and respects their employee. Implementing changes fairly : Corus needed to highlight how to people were behaving. Employee give best response when they think in positive view and mainly unfair action fitted in the mind of employees and they behave in negative way. Involve in decision making : Corus is overcome to these barriers to involve the employee in management decision making and their contribution experience are recognised. Most of the company involve in decision making because more thinkers easy to solve their problem and management also get the different ideas and apply it in the process. Selective people who accept change : Corus used this approach is based on the load of work, they create group on who accept the change and other who dont accept the change. Corus also highlighted that employee become accustomed to working with limited resources and were willing to accept low standards. Coercion : Coercion means the act of pressure or power to force or taking action or steps towards the employee. In the Corus company, workers misuse of alcohol or drug so at that time give first warning and then after they not improve their work so give the punishment and cut out the salary. Conclusion: Corus is using all the key technique and main of the approaches, like work closely with employee, involve in decision making, provide good working environment and become they achieve their targets new values like, honesty, fairness, transparency, integrity etc. and also they accept their high standards and making professionalism, and last one is making a team work to become achieve improvement, excellence and respect. 4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the change programme so far? Introduction : The Corus strip products UK make a cultural plan for change; its called The Journey in the 2005. Company wants wide range of business challenges but the common theme was the fundamental way that people at all level went about their work. They must change the programme because there had been a tragic accident on site and other safety and health is more important issue. There are many effectiveness of this programme to change so far: High production capacity : Corus making a changes in the work environment and give a suggestion to closely work with employee and also arrange the training programme and give direction to workers how the produce more. Employee also knows what might happen in the company. Steel production area is make a secure and employee work without fear in the Corus industry. So its concluded thats depending on the above situation to give the good result. Its show in significant progress. Production capacity is increased by 4.5% to a run rate of 5 million tonnes. Reduce the cost of producing steel : Corus is a steel producing industry so they must control on the steel liquid, gas, machinery power, and equipment. In the change programme Corus change the most of the thing to decrease the producing cost, like they do encourage their employee, provide proper environment. Thus CSP UK achieve the target of the plant is on track to reduce the 20% cost of producing steel. Increase the new comers employees to based on the values : Corus is making a good value to base on the change programme. They change their values professionalism, honesty, integrity, respect, improvement, excellence, fairness and transparency. Depend on this value change in the society and new employee believes on its values and their belief. So based on this change programme Corus values and belief in the business is increased in the market. Thus new 5000 employees signed up in the company. Low Absenteeism rate : All company want to decrease their absenteeism rate and this is shown on the annual report. Corus making some changes in their policy and create a better environment to the benefit of their employee. Corus has improving the redesigning of time schedule and work without stress of employee. Thus in this change programme Corus achieve in this roles and it had a reduction in absenteeism. Improve quality and service : Company must control the quality of products and it can avoid to the defective products or material. In last step is more important to attractive is their service desk area. Corus Company manufactured steel products. So they improve their steel quality and give the best service. Corus is achieving the level of good quality and improve the service to their customer. Increase the care of employee related to health and safety : In the Corus strip products manufacture the steel so in the steel producing industry must show the health safety for their employee. CSP UK based company has associated with the high standards of safety with Corus processes. Corus taking step related to health and safety issue. So they create a new safety teams contribute towards accident free protection. Exceeds government standards : CSP have showed the all significant area. It has that carbon dioxide emissions have reduced by 10%. Company is anything does for the government and for public also, so they must increase their credibility towards them. Now CSP UK exceeds the government standards. Impact on local community society : Every company want to good impression on the society and towards their community. CSP UK has also measurable improvements in the companys impact on this a well defined area or a town. Others : CSP Company also seeing the environment factor and the social factor. Corus provide a new improve entry experience for employees, contractors and suppliers demonstrated. That Corus strip products is now seen as an organization that is proud of itself. Conclusion: Corus company facing up to its internal weaknesses and efficiency, increased output, lower costs and reduce waste in an increasingly competitive market. Corus is not just surviving in the business but it has also grown in the market and expands to their company even during the recession time of 2008 to 2009. Its main aim is to behind this journey programme is a focused on the values and belief of its people and also they needed to change to the tragic accidents on site and other health and safety issues. Thus this case study focuses on how Corus strip products UK has overcome barriers to change in order to secure a more prosperous future for the business.

The Dignity of Law Essays -- Law College Admissions Essays

"The business of the law is to make sense of the confusion of what we call human life-to reduce it to order but at the same time to give it possibility, scope, even dignity." In 1972, the American poet Archibald MacLeish wrote these words in the Harvard Law Review. In 1997, I read these words. At that point, the challenge and lure of the law crystallized before me, and I now see the ideals of MacLeish's vision as my own. MacLeish envisions the law as providing a sense of possibility, or hope, and I identify with this. Coming from a financially disadvantaged childhood, I had to put forth serious effort in overcoming financial and personal adversity and focusing on the importance of family and education. Without a sense of the unlimited possibilities ahead of me, my goals would never have been taken seriously-by myself or by others-and I would not have followed them to completion. Through my sense of possibility, I took my place on the Honor Rolls for fall 1996 and 1997 at the University of Maryland at Baltimore. I also served as vice president for...

EU economic relation with MERCOSUR Essay

Introduction MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) was established in 1991 as a customs union and common market between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Chile and Bolivia later joined as associate Mercosur members. Since mid-2000, they have been engaged in negotiations with the EU to establish a free trade area covering both regions. History in the Making On May 28, 2004, EU and MERCOSUR trade representatives convened in Guadalajara, Mexico to continue an ongoing negotiation process. MERCOSUR holds a comparative advantage in a wide range of agricultural produce, which composes more than half of its total exports, while Europe is particularly strong in industrial and capital markets, such as automobiles, telecommunications and banking. Their complementary economies seem ideally suited for engaging in free trade, with each component of the bloc specializing in their specific fields of strength. However, import quotas and tariffs, intended to protect MERCOSUR members’ infant industries as well as high cost European farmers, present mountainous obstacles to the realization of any free trade agreement. At the May 28 summit, both sides tentatively agreed to open their markets to foreign competition. The EU and MERCOSUR have each shown a willingness to make difficult concessions in order to see their negotiations come to fruition. The Border is Closed The European Union’s protectionist agriculture regulations insulate locally grown produce from foreign competition. Cultivatable land, a precious and scarce commodity on the continent, is extraordinarily expensive. Hence the European Parliament instituted subsidies, import quotas and tariffs to keep the region†s relatively inefficient agro-industry afloat by regulating prices on the European market. These policies have effectively kept MERCOSUR products out of the European market as the EU refused to negotiate on opening its markets up to foreign competition by the raising of its quotas and the lowering of its tariffs. However, European negotiations have recently made important concessions aimed at expediting the process. The EU Common Agricultural Policy of 2003, which significantly reduced Europe’s farm subsidies, coupled with an increase in import quotas and a lowering of tariffs, have strengthened MERCOSUR’s confidence in the positive outcome of trade talks. Europe’s reluctant acquiescence to MERCOSUR’s demands is an attempt to pursue a strategy aimed at obtaining greater access to South American markets where European industries and sectors (such as automobile, telecommunication, banking and computer production) have excelled in the past and appear to have an even more prosperous future. Like its European counterpart, MERCOSUR has traditionally been averse to granting greater access to these markets, defending its protectionist policies with an infant industry argument. These industries are too small, it maintains, to compete in the world market, and therefore opening its borders at this time could destroy domestic firms. However, the South American Common Market has recognized the significance of Europe’s offer, and in return, has allowed for ever greater access to its telecommunication and banking industries. Partners in Decay There is a downside to the growing ties between Europe and MERCOSUR. Europe’s courting of MERCOSUR is at best undermining the fabric that binds the fragile G20 together. G20 members fear that the EU-MERCOSUR agreement could provide unfair access to markets, which would be illegal according to the World Trade Organization (WTO) standards. According to these, Most Favored Nation Status (MFN) cannot be reserved for specific countries, but must be shared among all applicable WTO members. According to some G20 members, including China, India, South Africa and Brazil, the European Union’s decision to engage in trade talks with MERCOSUR is a stratagem to undermine the G20, an organization that could potentially cause serious problems for both the EU and the United States. Restructuring the Map An accord between the two giant trading blocs has the potential to upset and shift the balance of power in the global trade arena, not only affecting the G20 but also challenging US economic hegemony in the Western Hemisphere. A â€Å"leading light in the Cairns group of agricultural exporters† and a founding member of the G20, Brazil’s political clout in the international community is growing exponentially. Its ability to command greater respect in political and economic agreements has persuaded the EU to offer greater concessions to MERCOSUR and is forcing the United States to reformulate its position on the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). There is no doubt that Brazil is using the EU-MERCOSUR trade agreement, and the commercial bonanza it should bring, as a weapon to increase its bargaining power in forthcoming FTAA talks with Washington concerning farm subsidies. The election of two left-leaning presidents in Brazil and Argentina, as well as a shift away from a Western Hemisphere trade pact toward a more amicable courtship with Europe, reflects a fundamental change in Brazilian and Argentine politics as well as in their strategy in dealing with the US. Neither government wants to be considered, as Brazilian President Lula stated during his presidential campaign, an â€Å"annexation† of the United States. In 2004, worries over progress in negotiations deepened as the co-chairmanship of the FTAA rotated to the United States and Brazil. Unfortunately, the inability to compromise by the proposed trading bloc’s two major powers has stalled progress on the realization of such an agreement. It also has persuaded a newly confirmed pessimist MERCOSUR to look across the Atlantic for an opportunity to further its global thrust and self-interests. The United States’s reluctance to discuss any reductions in farm subsidies during recent FTAA trade rounds has hindered the chances of signing a Free Trade Area of the Americas agreement by 2005, the projected year for it to be announced. Meanwhile, Europe has slipped into the foreground, prepared to equal or even replace the United States as the dominant trading power on the South American continent. The United States’s hegemonic status in the Americas is in peril. To maintain a semblance of the status-quo, Washington will have to concede to demands for a slash in farm subsidies if it wishes to reignite the negotiation process, or at least keep it alive, and to maintain itself as the predominant regional superpower, the US will be forced to compromise. The EU-MERCOSUR free trade agreement without a question is a threat to the United States’s dominance in the region. Europe’s belated decision to open its agricultural markets to foreign competition leaves Washington in a precarious position at the negotiating table with its Latin American counterparts. Previously, the EU and the US held the same line regarding agricultural subsidies; both argued that the subject should be addressed at future WTO trade rounds rather than through bilateral trade agreements. If it now wishes to remain competitive with Europe in the South American market, Washington will have to address the issue of the subsidies and import quotas that up to now have plagued many of the Latin American countries. With the EU now retreating from its long held protectionist position, the US can no longer expect to walk away from negotiations with a victory in hand which places Latin America in a dependent position in the FTAA. Scraping Bottom: US-Latin American Relations There is no question that US-Latin America relations are at their lowest point in a generation. Clearly, when it has come to leadership and a strong moral stance regarding US policy initiatives towards Cuba, Venezuela and Haiti, Secretary of State Powell has provided no leadership and certainly no vision. By default, such leadership fell into the hands of Otto Reich and a small band of venomous rightwing ideologies headed by Otto Reich, Roger Noriega and Dan Fisk, who held their places because Powell allowed them to be imposed on him. As a career propagandist and huckster-ideologue, Otto Reich built his professional existence on disseminating public disinformation along with a capacity for extremist politics that have done incalculable damage to the maintenance of a balanced and responsible regional policy. Almost single-handedly, he has bent and distorted US-Latin American relations and has produced a level of odium that cannot be easily recalled in the recent chapters of the bilateral relationship between the two hemispheres. His legacy hardly serves that word, filled as it has been with vulgar rhetoric, meretricious analysis, Rasputin-like conspiracies, and an inability to distinguish responsible behavior from that of a low quality goon. He, together with his fellow alumni from former Senator Helms’s tawdry regional policy-making workshop at the Senate’s foreign relations committee, the State of Department’s Roger Noriega and Dan Fisk, have gone a long way to pollute US hemispheric ties so fundamentally that it will take a generation to undo. From a Caribbean, Andean or South American standpoint, the EU-MERCOSUR pact strengthens their respective chances for a fairer and freer FTAA agreement. The United States can no longer treat its hemispheric partners as subsidiaries of a holding company which it controls now that Europe has presented itself as a viable second option for a binding trade relationship. Living in an era of increasingly free global trade, the EU-MERCOSUR pact could be a refreshing change from a history of largely self-serving and US-dominated agreements. The trade agreement between the European Union and MERCOSUR could come to rival the Free Trade Area of the Americas as a major hemispheric economic force, even if both are achieved. As the United States’s soft power continues to decline in the region, Europe’s global stock looks increasingly more appealing. If the US wishes to maintain its traditional position astride the Western Hemisphere, it must learn from its European counterparts how to stop talking down and start talking to Latin America. Internet References: REDES / Friends of the Earth Uruguay: http://www.redes.org.uy/ L`Observatori de las Transnacionales (LO’T), research group focusing on Spanish TNCs in Latin-America. Contact: David Llistar david.llistar@debtwatch.org Red Mexicana de Accion Frente al Libre Comercio (RMALC): http://www.rmalc.org.mx/ Transnational Institute (TNI): http://www.tni.org/altreg/index.htm Corporate Europe Observatory (CEO): http://www.corporateeurope.org/ Alianza Chilena Por Un Comercio Justo y Responsable (ACJR): http://www.comerciojusto.cl/index.htm Asociacion Latinoamercana de Organizaciones de Promocion (ALOP): http://www.alop.or.cr/

Link Crew Leader Essay

As a student, I try to achieve as many goals as possible. I have try to the best the student I could possibly be. I will admit this year wasn’t the best for me. My grades weren’t the greatest. But I don’t grades should be the only thing that determines a high school student. I think who the person is on the inside what makes a high school student. I am a very kind person. I hate injustice done on anyone. I always stand up for what I believe in. I feel everyone should be given a fair chance in anything they do. I love being able to help anyone. I love knowing something I do can change someone’s life. I use to do the Latin Club. I use to do the Earth Club. I use to do Build On. This year I have been more forced on the SATs and college. I want be a lawyer. Being able to someone is what love. The only thing I do outside of school is volunteer at the Norwalk Shelter. One challenge I faced in high school had to do with peer pressure. I was offered the chance to try weed. I knew that so many people at school did it, and I thought this was my chance to be popular. I didn’t do it. I realized those people didn’t want to be my friend. I realized that I didn’t need to be popular. I am happy with my life just the way it is. I know who my friends are and it isn’t those people. I realized I wanted to do it to become something I am not. I learned that day I should never lose my integrity. Someone once said, â€Å"Thoughts become words, words become actions, actions become character, character is everything. † I didn’t want to become that person I would have if I said yes. I wish I knew as a freshman to get involved more. When you are involved, it will help you in the long run, especially for college. Plus it is a great way to meet new people. In the lunch, I sit right across from the girl’s restroom in the cafeteria. I sit with a cool and supportive group of friends. I love them like family. There you have it, I little bit about myself. I really want to do Link Crew because you get to help people. I remember being a freshman and not having this help. I want to make a difference. To know that you can go to a person with anything is very important. I hope to be that person for a group of freshmen. Thanks for the opportunity.

Band dream essays

Band dream essays I can remember growing up and thinking the best part of the Katy football games where when the band marched at halftime. I would stand on the bleachers and wave my hands up and down pretending to direct the band. The sound of the music, the neat uniforms and the gleam of all the instruments under the stadium lights was wonderful. I started dreaming way back then of being in the Katy band just like my older brother. I watched and listened as my brother practiced his music everyday. I knew that I would have to work just as hard to achieve my goal of being in band. I was afraid that learning how to read music would be difficult for me. When I joined the West Memorial Junior High Band I realized reading music came naturally to me. I continued in the band all through junior high, knowing all my efforts would soon bring me to my goal of being a part of the Katy Band. Before I knew it, I was standing at the end zone at Rhodes Field waiting to make my first half-time performance. I was so nervous as I walked to my place on the field. Was I really was ready to do it? I counted one two three then we started. I went thru my first set then my second and third and so on. When I got to the tenth it was over. I had done it and had not mess up once. I was very proud of myself when the band directors said what a really good job we had done especially since most of us had never marched before. After I finished I remembered back to when I was a kid in the stands thinking that some kid out there was like me dreaming to be on the field. On my way back to the stands I had realized how much band had changed my life already. As I got back into my seat I realized I had not only accomplished my dream, but many other things. I had met new friends including my best friend and boyfriend I will keep all through high school and hopefully longer. I have learned through hard work and dedication you can achieve your dreams. ...

Assess individual in health care Essays

Assess individual in health care Essays Assess individual in health care Paper Assess individual in health care Paper UNIT 18 1. 1 Compare and contrast the range and purpose of different forms of assessment. Prior to moving into an organisation all individuals are assessed as are the care providers to ensure that placements can meet and preferences of the individuals. The organisation conducts independent assessments by a qualified key member of the team to assess the needs and preferences of the individual to ensure that the organisation have the facilities and resources to cater for them. The key areas for assessments for needs and preferences would be: EMOTIONAL PHYSICAL SOCIAL LEISURE Key professionals then hold a Care Planning Assessment (CPA) meeting along the individual to discuss the outcomes of assessments. Active support is provided holistically within a role package for all individuals for all aspects of living. This is implemented through means of care plans and structured weekly planners. Before an individual is identified as needing specialist care and support, they must undergo a series of assessments. These assessments may not diagnose  a learning disability, but they do decide whether the individual will receive social care. This explains the types of assessment an individual may undergo, including: Official process or corporate screening procedures Clinical assessments Behavioural assessments Holistic assessments Person Centred Planning (PCP) Comprehensive assessments and care plans Prev Page Next Page View as single page Search TOPICS IN THIS DOCUMENT Assessment, Health care, Healthcare, Management, Nursing care plan, Risk, Risk assessment, Risk management RELATED DOCUMENTS Health care ? Name: ID: Module: Developing Counselling Skills in Health and Social Care Contents Introduction In any health and social care setting, employees at all levels will be required to listen to patients, clients, their friends and relatives expressing their views, concerns and emotions. These can be complex and sometimes difficult interactions; therefore it is 5988 Words | 8 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT health Social care ? Unit 4222-222 Suport individuals to eat and drink. 222-1 Be able to support individuals to make choices about food and drink. 1. 1 Establish with an individual the food and drink thay wish to consume. 1.2 Encourage the individual to select suitable options for food and drnk. 1. 3 Describe ways to resolve any difficulties or dulemmas about the choice of food and drink. 1. 4 Describe how and when to seek additional guidance 5988 Words | 2 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Health Care Communication Communication is ongoing. It can be verbal or nonverbal. In the health field the way nurses communicate with patients will determine how the patient recovers. A patient who feels cared for by his or her nurse is willing to do what the nurse asks because they trusts what she says is true, and will be more willing to participate with treatment. The patient who is distrusting of their nurse will not be compliant or may not take part in self-care. Nurses communicate 5988 Words | 5 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT suggestions Canada health care ? MGEC34: Economic of Health Care Professor: Michele Campolieti Communication Assignment: Suggestions of Future Development of Canadian Health Care System and Health Insurance Industry Received: March 18th, 2013 There are several economic aspects that policy makers in Canada can learn from the models described in this essay. These economic aspects come from 5988 Words | 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Assess the Individual in a Health and Social Care Setting Unit 518 Assess the individual in a health and social care setting Compare and contrast the range and purpose of different forms of assessment The assessment process is the back bone to any package of care and it is vital that it is personal and appropriate to the individual concerned. Although studies have found that there is no singular theory or understanding as to what the purpose of assessment 5988 Words | 2 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Assess The Individual In A Health And Social Care Setting ? Assess the individual in a health and social care setting 1. Understand assessment processes 1. 1 Compare and contrast the range and purpose of different forms of assessment There are many forms I use to assess an individual’s needs. The first bit of the information comes from Derby City Council, which is called a outcome based support assessment. This is what they use to identify someone’s needs and how much 5988 Words | 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT health and social care ? CU1532 promote equality and inclusion in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings 1. 1Diversity: Diversity is where no two people are the same, we all have characteristics that make us unique: age, culture; disability (mental, learning, physical), education, ethnicity, gender, language(s) spoken, marital/partnered status, physical appearance, race, religious beliefs, sexual orientation. Equality: Equality mean no matter how different we are 5988 Words | 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT P3 health and social care trends of health and ill health among different social groupings. I will talk about each pattern and trend in its own paragraph, Social class, Gender, Ethnicity, Age and Geographical location. I will talk about the links between these to health issues. I will back these up through the use of evidence such as statistics. I will then conclude what I have found out. Firstly I will talk about each pattern and trend. Social Class Social class helps to 5988 Words

Causes of the American Civil War

Causes of the American Civil War The United States maintain their position of the world as the strongest, most influential country for many decades. Observing their history closely, we can see that they had gone through many ups and downs, and harsh yet necessary battles within the nation and with other countries. In order to examine the Civil War and reconstruction of the United States, we need to understand the causes of the war, what happened during the war, and the changes that the war had brought. I believe that the Civil War of 1861 played a significant role in building the stronger nation; likewise, I will discuss three major causes of the war – which are the slavery, the conflicts between the North and South states, and the Presidential election of 1860 – describe how dreadful the war was, and how the slavery, the relationship among the states, and the economic and political situation changed after the war. Moreover, I will present my own views on the Civil war. First, the slavery was one of t he greatest causes of the Civil War. The Slavery in all across North America has had existed for 168 years. Eventually, by 1804, most of the Northern states abolished slavery institution, but the invention of cotton gin in 1793 increased the use of slaves in the South and the slavery became very important for the South. Before the Civil War, the tension between the North and the South was invested in Slavery. The North was insisting that America should become free country and need to industrialize the South. On the other hand, the South was opposing the North by being pro-slavery for their agricultural industry. The U.S. Constitution was clearly permitting slavery even though the document did not include the words slaves and slavery. For example, in U.S. Constitution Section 2 of Article IV said â€Å"held to Service or Labor in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another† (Constitution On Slavery). It shows the fugitive slaves must be returned to their owners. M oreover, the Bill of Rights in 1791 did not mention about slavery, yet on the Fifth Amendment, it says â€Å"Be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law† (Constitution On Slavery). According to the Fifth Amendment, the slaveholders were given an absolute right to take their property with them. Since the slaves were equaled properties, they could take their slaves even to the free Northern states. It developed into negative conflicts between the North and the South. However, America gained huge part of the West from the victory in the War with Mexico, including California, Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory. In Addition, the amount of gold that was discovered in California was huge and it led the Gold Rush in America, which did not last for long. The issue of whether the new states in the West should be opened to slavery or should be free from the slavery brought a big political confusion. The state of California was extremely important for the b oth powers. The North was asserting completely opposite opinions from that of the South. Since California got so much richer quickly, if the slavery in California got abolished, the South states would significantly lose their political and economic power. In contrast, if the slavery got permitted and protected by the federal government, the South states would be able to gain more power. The South was saying that they would leave the Union if California becomes a free state. â€Å"Eventually, the issue drove the South to assert their opinion, which was to elect two different presidents between the North and the South†

Business process management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business process management - Essay Example These recommendations were fully accepted by the Trust Board and the Department of Health. There were shortcomings in different aspects in the Trust that are explained below. Failures in Operations management The hospitals lacked well established protocols and pathways for the management of patients admitted in A&E (Accident and emergency) as expressed by (Francis 2010a). This department was understaffed and lacked proper equipment such as defibrillators for resuscitation trolleys. This left very few nurses to conduct urgent assessment of patients and receptionists who had no medical training were forced to take up this job. Nurses in the A&E did not have enough training and the hospital had weak leadership. The number of consultants to provide daily on call cover was insufficient and there were only few middle level doctors. The middle level doctors and junior medical practitioners were not adequately supervised. They were frequently under pressure to make prompt decisions in order to meet the set target of attending all patients in four hours and go through the A&E. This had resulted to a situation whereby patients are taken to the EAU (Emergency Assessment Unit) without necessary diagnosis and assessment. The situation of the EAU was not any different from that of the A&E. The EAU was outsized and had a poor layout and this made it difficult for nurses to tend to patients. This was aggravated by poor communication between patients and the medical staff as well as inadequate staff (Francis 2010b). The situation in this department can be simply described as hectic and chaotic. There was poor compliance with the accepted standards of practice in infection control. There was poor handover from the A&E to the EAU. This notwithstanding the care for patients from heart related conditions was reported to be excellent. The management had failed to attend to serious issues and monitor performance in the hospital. This had led to poor treatment of patients in the emerg ency department. There is poor recording and documentation of the patients’ activity and outcomes and the hospital does not have any reliable historical account of their past patients. The medical team generally lacked proper training to handle different complications. Most of the doctors and nurses admitted that the staff in the EAU lacked the skills to take care of surgical patients (Francis 2010b). There were poor procedures in surgery and the surgeons did not work as a team. Measurements to be taken by the hospital and stake holders There have been improvements on various areas in the trust after the shocking revelation by the investigation (Care Quality Commission 2009). The hospital has hired a greater number of qualified staff to improve the quality of care in the hospital. Training programmes have been set up for different staff to ensure their competence in handling equipment such as monitors and equip them with skills to handle patients. The trust deserves recogniti on for the measures it has undertaken to improve the quality of care in the hospital. There has been increased funding to the trust to hire more staff, purchase equipment and the necessary medication. The regulatory bodies have increased the number of inspections in the hospital to ensure strict adherence to quality standards. Stakeholder groups The DHS (Department of Health Services) works in collaboration with a wide range of stakeholders including community sector, government, voluntary sector, regional

Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Argument - Essay Example I believe that in our judgments about reality we cannot abstract ourselves from the sensual reactions and subjective judgments; as a result, empiricism is the philosophy that is closer to the reality and reflects the true way of judging and evaluating the surrounding reality. Rationalism is an important trend in philosophy. Plato is fairly regarded as one of the basic proponents of rationalism in philosophy. Rationalism in general and Plato, in particular, assert that knowledge never comes from senses but is innate (Anonymous 335). As such, there is nothing sensual in nature and individuals who seek to objectivity in their judgments should rely on their innate knowledge and avoid using personal experience and observations. It should be noted, that where Plato opposes to the relevance of the senses as a potential source of reliable knowledge, his opposition is justified by the fact that the senses are bodily and thus morally tainted (Anonymous 335). Actually, everything associated with body, in Plato’s opinion, is morally tainted and cannot be considered as a good source of knowledge. Such rejection of the senses is the definitive feature of rationalism (Anonymous 335). To some extent, Plato’s arguments about the senses his opposition to using the senses as the source of knowledge are justified. He is confident that absolute truth and absolute good do exist (Anonymous 335). However, never in life was he able to perceive and grasp the meaning of these absolute beauties and absolute good with his senses; rather, a rational person in search for objective knowledge will do everything possible to develop an intellectual vision of reality which has nothing to do with the senses but applies to reason (Anonymous 335). Surprisingly or not, but in his defense of rationalism, Plato does not only exclude the senses as potential sources of knowledge but also implies that other emotions, including love, lust, fear, and

Philosophy of science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of science - Essay Example Kuhn considers paradigm as an important scientific tool that supports the continuation of a particular research. According to him, paradigm is a structure that contains the widely accepted views about phenomena. It has various roles in normal science. One of the roles of paradigm is the ability to determine what a researcher should study or research (Kuhn 43). This is role one of the guiding principles of paradigm as explained by the philosopher. This means that paradigm defines the existing problems while helping one find solutions to the problem. Knowing about the existing problems helps one to know what to study. The role is different from Popper’s falsification which holds that a research should dictate a paradigm because in normal science, the objective of the study is defined by paradigm. Kuhn claims that if one doubts the truth of the existing theories, it would be difficult for him to conduct any research. For instance, if a scientist is to research about a problem rel ated to atoms. She or she would be guided by the basic atomic paradigm such as the mass of the atom to solve the problem. If the researcher would doubt the existing theories about the mass of an atom, it would be difficult to provide the background of the problem. However, since a paradigm is already established, one does not have to focus on verifying the assumptions of the study as they are widely accepted. The other role of paradigm is that it guides a researcher on the types of research questions that should be used in a study.

Sickle Cell Trait Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sickle Cell Trait - Research Paper Example Clark has been declared unfit for the game because of a blood disorder called sickle cell trait. Sickle cell trait is a sub-type of sickle cell anemia in which the person has one normal gene and the other abnormal sickle cell gene. Thus, although he does not manifest with the serious blood disorder symptoms but his previous medical history points out that he is at risk of developing serious organ complications. The coach Mike Tomlin explained that Clark had experienced spleen and gall bladder problems in the 2007 game and eventually had to end his game. He had suffered from a serious sickle cell crisis because of the hypoxic conditions caused by the demanding game. Thus they have decided in light of the data to limit him from the upcoming game (Moisse 2012). Dr. Jasmine Zain describing the condition stated that sickle cell trait individuals live a normal life and are sometimes not even aware of their hematological pathology. However, under circumstances of severe hypoxia like high-al titude or strenuous exercises, the hemoglobin forms crystals in the red blood cells and they lose their functional and structural capacity. This leads to sluggish blood flow and blockage of blood vessels. The final outcome is loss of function of organs, stroke, intense joint pain or even cardiac problems. For professional athletes oxygen demand is crucial during the exercise. On the other hand, people with full-blown sickle cell anemia, both the genes are abnormal and they do not have normal hemoglobin at all. This type is associated with serious symptoms and complications and is sometimes also fatal. With new advancements in therapeutic strategies, the life expectancy of sickle cell disease has increased up to 40, 50 and even 60. With these treatment methods, the concentrations of abnormal hemoglobin levels in the blood can be reduced to manage the blood disorder. The permanent cure for sickle cell disease is only bone marrow transplant from preferably a healthy sibling (Moisse 201 2). Clark has stated in the article that sitting back in the benches during the game is indeed discouraging and he hopes that things would get better so that he gets a chance to be a part of the team again (Moisse 2012). Sickle cell trait is a blood disorder which might be neglected or ignored because of its less obvious clinical presentation. But, sickle cell trait individuals have to take certain precautionary measures in order to avoid the associated complications as mentioned earlier. They have to avoid extreme exercise regimens or visiting high altitude areas as this would ultimately increase their blood’s oxygen demand. Although, they are safe from the major signs and symptoms which are associated with sickle cell disease, sickle cell trait individuals still have to face some restrictions and limitations in their everyday life. If we reflect in our everyday life and sickle cell trait implications, outdoor sports and exercise are significantly affected. Children, who are interested in sports which require strenuous physical activity like cricket, soccer, rugby, basketball, tennis and other such games, will have to restrict themselves because of their condition. Some children might show more severe symptoms in reaction to hypoxia as compared to others. However, every sickle cell trait individual is at risk of organ-failure complications and sickle cell crisis in response

Space and Architecture. A beach house Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Space and Architecture. A beach house - Essay Example This is then supported by Pierre Bordieu in his â€Å"The Berber House†. He believes that objects, language, events, associated with a certain space are a microcosm of a larger culture. Using this approach of Bordieu in the above picture, a beach house that is built upon a rock or cement, it would already tell us that this house was built for permanency. It is deeply rooted at the bottom of the sea through the cement panels that is supporting the house and making it as stable as possible. Aside from that, the doors are made of glass which is associated with convenience and practicality as glass is something that is easy to find and at the same time would not require so much maintenance as compared to wood. This would give us a notion that the structure was not only made to provide a place of leisure or a total escape from the city, instead is a place that would at the same time be conducive to work or anything that would allow any routine to be done without hassle. The interior of the house as well is made up of windows and many open spaces through rolling doors. This just gives us an impression that the house prefers to be ventilated by fresh air to make the most of the sea breeze instead of using electricity. Draping curtains would also be a good source of controlling the light coming from the sun to enter the whole house. This shows the flexibility of the house to react to different weather changes that might occur.

Philosophy of science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of science - Essay Example Kuhn considers paradigm as an important scientific tool that supports the continuation of a particular research. According to him, paradigm is a structure that contains the widely accepted views about phenomena. It has various roles in normal science. One of the roles of paradigm is the ability to determine what a researcher should study or research (Kuhn 43). This is role one of the guiding principles of paradigm as explained by the philosopher. This means that paradigm defines the existing problems while helping one find solutions to the problem. Knowing about the existing problems helps one to know what to study. The role is different from Popper’s falsification which holds that a research should dictate a paradigm because in normal science, the objective of the study is defined by paradigm. Kuhn claims that if one doubts the truth of the existing theories, it would be difficult for him to conduct any research. For instance, if a scientist is to research about a problem rel ated to atoms. She or she would be guided by the basic atomic paradigm such as the mass of the atom to solve the problem. If the researcher would doubt the existing theories about the mass of an atom, it would be difficult to provide the background of the problem. However, since a paradigm is already established, one does not have to focus on verifying the assumptions of the study as they are widely accepted. The other role of paradigm is that it guides a researcher on the types of research questions that should be used in a study.

Space and Architecture. A beach house Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Space and Architecture. A beach house - Essay Example This is then supported by Pierre Bordieu in his â€Å"The Berber House†. He believes that objects, language, events, associated with a certain space are a microcosm of a larger culture. Using this approach of Bordieu in the above picture, a beach house that is built upon a rock or cement, it would already tell us that this house was built for permanency. It is deeply rooted at the bottom of the sea through the cement panels that is supporting the house and making it as stable as possible. Aside from that, the doors are made of glass which is associated with convenience and practicality as glass is something that is easy to find and at the same time would not require so much maintenance as compared to wood. This would give us a notion that the structure was not only made to provide a place of leisure or a total escape from the city, instead is a place that would at the same time be conducive to work or anything that would allow any routine to be done without hassle. The interior of the house as well is made up of windows and many open spaces through rolling doors. This just gives us an impression that the house prefers to be ventilated by fresh air to make the most of the sea breeze instead of using electricity. Draping curtains would also be a good source of controlling the light coming from the sun to enter the whole house. This shows the flexibility of the house to react to different weather changes that might occur.

Morality Play Essay Example for Free

Morality Play Essay Cudgels- short thick stick used as weapon (n. ) mea maxima culpa -my mistake, my fault humani nil a me alienum- I am a human being, I consider nothing that is human alien to me. tonsure- the act of cutting the hair or shaving the head. artem illam ignominiosam- the art of her disgrace malodorous- an unpleasant odor; foul-smelling retinue- a group of advisers, assistants, or others accompanying an important person leman- a lover, sweetheart or paramour pretium- price ignorantia Juris non excusit- ignorance of the law does not excuse ubi stabilitas ibireligio-where ever stability is, there will be religion. Jongleurs- medieval wandering entertainers who played instruments, sang and danced, juggled, and performed plays. brawlers- a noisy quarrel, squabble, or fight. passe- old fashioned; out-of-style esse- being; existence. sorties- attacks redolent- (adj. ) fragrant, smelling strongly; tending to arouse memories or create an aura timorous- (adj) fearful; timid; demonstrating fear prating- to talk excessively and pointlessly; babble japer- to joke, gib petulance- (n. ) rudeness, irritability vagabond- A person who wanders from place to place preening- devoting effort to make one attractive lewdness- indecent. abscene. Offensive in a sexual way conjuring- the performance of magical tricks cavil- (v. ) to find fault in a petty way, carp; a trivial objection or criticism cupidity- (n. ) an eager desire for something; greed scruple- a feeling of doubt or hesitation with regard to the morality or propriety of a course of action folly- lack of good sense; foolish action or undertaking patron- (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support animosity- (n. ) strong dislike; bitter hostility emulate- to copy; to try to equal or excel lulling- cause to get calm, sleep or rest.

Poverty and Inequality Essay

Poverty and Inequality Essay Abstract The extent of poverty and inequality remains a topic of enduring interest in Australia and overseas. Poverty in Australia, however, is generally relative poverty. People are considered to be poor if their living standards fall below an overall community standard, and they are unable to participate fully in ordinary activities of society. Earnings inequality and the extent of child poverty is an important issue due to their innocence and their future life chances and social structure. This position paper provides a brief portrait the issues faced by the disadvantaged community at Sydney South West. How can various welfare organizations and agencies assist these disadvantage community groups, briefly explains few facilities provided by such agencies. The paper then discusses the affects of poverty in children and advantages of such knowledge to pre-service teacher. Finally we conclude by exploring the role of teachers and its effects. Community: Amartya Sen, Nobel Prize winning economist, described poverty is the lack of substantive freedoms the capabilities to choose a life one has reason to value. And, as deprivation of basic capabilities rather than merely as lowness of incomes, which is the standard criterion for the identification of poverty ..the approach concentrates on deprivations that are intrinsically important (unlike low income, which is only instrumentally significant). Thus poverty in this sense is an oppression from which we should aim to liberate our people. Poverty is a condition of living which is difficult to measure and almost impossible to conclusively define. People living in poverty in sub-Saharan Africa may lack safe housing, struggle to find food and have no access to drinkable water. This standard of living is known as absolute poverty. But in Australia the standard of living are generally much higher than the countries like Africa. Poverty in Australia is measured relatively, that is benchmarking a disadvantage community groups standard of living with the life style of majority of the population in Australia. The main factors which contribute to poverty in Australia are inequity in the education system (which means some people have less opportunity to enter the skilled labor force), the casualisation of the workforce (which has meant that people have less job security), and reduced government spending on services which are of benefit to the community. The people most affected by poverty in Australia are those with low levels of formal education, the long-term unemployed and others who have restricted access to high-paying work. Certain demographic groups tend to fall into these categories. In 2000 it was recorded that Indigenous Australians, for example, had an unemployment rate of 17.6 per cent much higher than the national average of 7.3 per cent. Another group more likely to live in relative poverty are first-generation immigrants and refugees, many of whom arrive in Australia with few language skills and less support networks than Australian-born residents. Elderly people, disabled people and single parents also record higher rates of poverty. The reason poverty can be considered a spatial issue is two-fold. People of a similar socio-economic background tend to live in the same areas because the amount of money a person makes usually, but not always, influences their decision as to where to purchase or rent a home. At the same time, the area in which a person is born or lives can determine the level of access they will have to quality education and employment opportunities. As education and income can influence settlement patterns and also be influenced by settlement patterns, they can therefore be considered causes and effects of spatial inequality and poverty. Sydney provides an example of a large urban environment with a high level of spatial inequality. Suburban pockets of poverty can be found on the citys fringes, such as Sydneys south-west. This less-affluent (poorer) area is generally higher in unemployment, welfare-dependency, single-parent families, substance (drug and alcohol) abuse and crime, than other Sydney suburbs. The overseas migrants and refugees also chose to settle in this area, because the real estate is much cheaper and the ethnic and racial composition is generally more diverse. Unemployment figures from the 2001 Census revealed vast differences between many areas of Australia. Particularly alarming were certain areas of Sydney. The Glenquarie Housing Commission Estate in Sydneys south-west had an unemployment rate of 26.4 per cent; the national unemployment rate at that time was only 7.1 per cent. The highly publicized riots which occurred in this same area in 2004-05 were an example of some of the violence-related problems that can result if social inequalities are not dealt with. Nonprofit organizations and welfare agencies have played a critical role in helping community in need by providing education, training, residences, counseling, electricity or water vouchers, and in-kind and cash support. Organizations such as Inspire Community Services provide practical support, offering emergency relief, services, and assistance for individuals and families in crisis. They exist to break the cycle of poverty in South West of Sydney through inspiration and without discrimination. Services provided by this organization: Welfare Services Provides services like Emergency Relief,Food Careand Playgroups to Internet Cafà © and Christmas Hampers. EAPA (Energy Accounts Payment Assistance) vouchers for gas and electricity bills. WAPA (Water Authority Payment Assistance) vouchers for water bills. TBAP (Telstra Billing Assistance Program) vouchers for Telstra telephone bills. Clothing vouchers from Inspire Fashion. Direct Debit of Centreline payments through Centrepay. As well as moral support for any situation and other referring community organizations. Clients are assessed on their income and current circumstances. Providing quality fashion wears at a reduced price. Price ranges from 50 ¢ to $10. Enterprise Development Providing mentoring services in a real life professional business environment. Services such as meeting targets, working in teams, computer diagnosis and many more. Financial Solution Assist in budgeting, personal casework/budget,counseling and financial education. Offering free budgeting service to help clients prepare a budget that is targeted to individual needs. Employment Services Employment Services aims to help people within the community gainrelevant skills and self confidence for the workplace. Partnering withgreat organizations such as Mission Australia, MTC Work Solutions, Wesley Uniting Employment and Community First Step weprovide Work for the Dole Programs. These programs are designed to equip job seekers with highly valuable skills in order to prepare them for the workforce. We also offer on site skills following careers such as computer refurbishment, warehousing, screen printing, administration and gardening. Training Our Training Services department offers a variety of training opportunities ranging from accredited to non-accredited courses. Training packages are specially designed to increase clients knowledge and confidence in areas where they may have experienced limitation as well as enhancing their existing skills. Social Welfare We are dedicated to seeing our community empowered through our self development courses. We offer a variety of courses and workshops that relate to every day issues. Poverty has economic and social impacts. Sometimes, instead of being described as living in poverty, people in Australia who do not possess the living standards of the majority, are thought to be socially marginalized or socially isolated. This is because they may feel excluded from benefits of society that the mainstream enjoy, whether or not this is because of where they live or the amount of money they have. The widening the gap between rich and poor Australians is likely to increase this sense of social isolation, which will no doubt negatively impact upon social cohesion. This is particularly true of larger urban centers because the inequalities between different areas are much more obvious when they are in the same town or city. The more observable inequalities become, the more likely people are to directly compare their standards of living with those of others around them. This can have the effect of reducing the sense of mutual belonging and respect that is important for maintaining social cohesion in any community, however large or small. Children in poverty is an emotive issue that has engaged the attention of politicians ranging from Bob Hawkes famous 1987 election promise by 1990 no Australian child will be living in poverty to John Howards March 2004 commitment of $365 million over four years principally for early intervention strategies to help children and families at risk of not growing up in a stable and supportive environment.

A Comparison of Online Universities to Traditional Universities Essay

Online Universities and Traditional Universities Traditional universities are a wonderful way to study for students who have the time and patience to deal with teachers and classmates. In contrast, online universities are the ideal way to study for students who do not have the time to go to school and those who enjoy working at their own pace. Some students enjoy traditional universities while others prefer online universities. If someone chooses a traditional university and then realizes that he or she is unable to keep up with his or her schedule and class work, this student might decide to try an online university. Ultimately, everyone chooses which route works best for him or her. Traditional universities require students to attend class in person on a daily basis. One adva...

European Politics :: Essays on Politics

Throughout Europe, a complex political structure of government has emerged from the once simple Monarchial rule. These new systems of Government, with respect to specific nation-states, have developed domestic policies that people depend on for daily life. Of these many dependencies is the health care system. The nation-states of Europe are entitled to bring forth and confront these issues, in order to ensure a sense of safety and well being into the lives of everyday citizens. The significance of the health care system is that it is an issue people are always trying to reform and build upon. Working alongside this idea, is the notion that other countries will develop intellectual health care systems from understanding those system already put into effect. This was the case with the German system of insured care, and the subsequent formation of the Hungarian health insurance system. In laying out the design of both systems, it is evident that the Hungarian health care system was bas ed upon the founding principles of the German health care system. Established by Otto von Bismarck in 1883, the German system has been continually extended to reflect the changing assortment of diseases and technological progress. Germany may be the only country in which most beneficiaries of its long-term care system and related expenditures are in community-based rather than institutional settings, according to the authors of the German study. (Moran 77) Germany's attempt to improve coverage for long-term care reached a fever pitch in the early 1990s, when West German policymakers sought to bring means-tested, state-administered long-term care services into its universal health insurance fold. In 1994 the country enacted a universal-coverage social insurance program for long-term care, called Soziale Pflegeversicherung, which was administered by "sickness funds," quasi-public and quasi-private insurers regulated by the national government. Under this program, premiums are uniform-a straight 1.7 percent of salary, split between employers and employees. (Knox 13) Benefits include extensive institutional and home care services. Informal caregivers receive up to four weeks of respite care each year, as well as a pension credit for providing high levels of unpaid services. In 1998 alone, some 550,000 people received pension contributions as caregivers. Germany's program has succeeded in increasing the availability of nursing home and home care services, as well as the number of home care providers, the study authors report. Program costs stayed well below original estimates and led to surpluses of nearly $5 billion.

Conflict In Algeria Between Their French Settlers History Essay

This paper aims to explicate and analyse the instance of the struggle between the Algerian population and their Gallic colonists. The ground of the struggle is the dissension of the Algerians with the unjust intervention the Gallic were giving to them specially in footings of instruction, political relations and life quality. The construction of this paper is to measure the struggle harmonizing to the content of the class of â€Å" Conflict Management † foremost supplying a general background of the state of affairs and analysing if it is a struggle or a difference. Then the writers classify the struggle harmonizing to several standards and province if it is an intractable or manipulable struggle placing the phases it has been trough. And there is besides an analysis of the used schemes and if those schemes brought a declaration or a colony, it is traveling to be examined the relationship of the parties and the trust among them. Finally there are besides studied the unethical tactics and the type of scheme used. In order to recognize this undertaking there were used several beginnings from Data bases that contains newspapers articles and magazines articles. The writers besides used secondary informations that has been collected by other beginnings such as some dependable web pages.Conflict in AlgeriaBackgroundThe Algerian Independence procedure began in 1954 because of the Algerians ‘ dissatisfaction with being treated as 2nd -class citizens by the Gallic colonial authorities. The revolution ‘s philosophical foundations came from the privileged Algerians who were skilled by the Gallic instruction system[ 1 ]. As a effect of this Algerians started to considerate military solutions as the lone manner to accomplish ego finding. This was leaded by a group called the national release forepart ( FLN ) under the leading of Ahmed Ben Bella who was looking frontward to a independent Algeria, a societal democratic state within an Islamic model.[ 2 ] At the get downing the military motions did non hold mass popular support ; nevertheless the oppressive Gallic reprisals for European victims started traveling popular sentiment behind the FLN. As the struggle was turning up the Gallic Army sent over 400,000 soldiers to Algeria in an effort to fleetly oppress the independency motion, their barbarous repute and contempt for the local public non merely served to mobilise the understandings of the local public in favour of independency[ 3 ], but besides turned universe sentiment against France. France turned into a immense concentration camp the Algerian district where mass apprehension and anguish were implemented to interrupt the financess of the independent motions. The struggle was turning fast, the figure of victims rose and the Algerians where desperate and needed desperately the triumph. In 1958 is carried out the putsch that brought back into power the Gallic Charles de Gaulle after 10 old ages of absence. Afterwards the terminal of the war came with the Evian understanding signed in March 18, 1962 between France and theA FLN, which ended the war and grantedA Muslim independency for Algeria[ 4 ]. Harmonizing to the information given in category we can categorise this state of affairs as a struggle because it occurred in a long period of clip, it has its roots really back in the yesteryear, around the 1800 with the Gallic colonialism in northern Africa but the independency procedure started in 1954. It is besides consider as a struggle because it involves non-negotiable issues such as the misdemeanor of human rights. We besides identify a zero-sum game thought because both parties ( Gallic authorities and the Algerians ) were non interested in making a dialogue that suits both sides demands, they had wholly opposite involvements. The effects of the war were lay waste toing both pecuniary and human lifes, the Gallic victims where about 100.000 and the Algerians loses exceed a million while another one million eight hundred 1000 people where refugees[ 5 ]. These types of effects are besides relevant to tag this scenario as a struggleAlgerian struggle categorizationForms of manifestation: the Algerian struggle is a violent one because in the independent motions of this state were involved the Gallic ground forces an another armed groups who finished off with many civilians lifes, it is besides an intractable struggle because making an understanding was a unsmooth and hard procedure that took really long clip. Scope: this struggle is systemic because harmonizing to the definition, it involves parties within and outside a territorial lodger or nationality of the parties involved. The Algerian district, dwellers and authorities and it ‘s encroachers the Gallic and besides the international community who did n't take part straight in the struggle but ever manifestate the dissension with the Gallic behaviour towards Algeria. Percept: The struggle is non pseudo because the dissension does be, and besides the beings of opposite involvement it is besides expressed, so harmonizing to the perceptual experience the struggle is existent. Both parties show their involvements and demands, their differences, mutual exclusivenesss and opposite precedences, and cognize what the other ‘s party are. Causes: Harmonizing to causes, the struggle is political because it involves the authorities engagement and there is besides the presence of cultural struggles, race murders and war in general. But it besides can be seen as an ideological struggle because the Algerians where in dissension with the Gallic authorities in the manner they were treated and they supported the group called the national release forepart ( FLN ) who helped to distribute through the whole state the independency feelings. Consequences: The effects of this struggle were destructive because of all the economical, political, territorial and human losingss that result from this independency war. Beginnings: The state of affairs between Algeria and the Gallic colonial authorities is a struggle of involvement where both parties have wholly different demands and they try to enforce their ain to the other. Organizational degree: Harmonizing to the organisational degree this struggle can non be classified since it does non take topographic point into an organisation, but we could state that it is an intergroup struggle since it involves two different groupsTractable or IntractableHarmonizing to the definition given by Peter T. Coleman â€Å" Intractable struggles are those that persist for long periods of clip, are destructive and resist every effort to decide them constructively † . Thus we can state this is an intractable struggle since it last long clip and presented a great figure of casualities, one hundred thousand Gallic colonists and soldiers died, while over one million Algerian civilians and guerillas were executed and killed.[ 6 ] The struggle besides was hard to work out because both parties had wholly opposite aims and moral differences.Phases of the ConflictLatent Conflict: Since 1830 when France invaded a colonize Algeria. Conflict Emerge: The motion for independency came from the Algerians ‘ dissatisfaction with being treated as second-class citizens by the Gallic colonial authorities.[ 7 ] Conflict Escalation: Many conditions encouraged this escalation. After the Indochina War Algerians soldiers began to see that it was clip to obtain independency for Algeria and as the Gallic colonial authorities did non desire to lose their land, on November 1, 1954, FLNA launched onslaughts in assorted parts of the district against military installings, constabulary stations, warehouses, communications installations, and public public-service corporations. Both parties said the lone manner to carry through their aims was war[ 8 ] Deadlock: Around 1958-9, they realized the struggle was merely go forthing many deceases puting them in a Mutually Hurting Stalemate. De-escalation / Negotiation: Started once more on 1961 at Evian when Gallic authorities reopenedA negotiations with the FLN. Dispute Colony: Finally reached on 1962 with the Evian Accords. Both sides of the struggle were using a distributive scheme because their primary Interests were opposed and did non mind about the other or their relationship. The struggle was resolved by the Evian Accords, the consequence of dialogues between representatives of France and the Probationary Government of the Algerian Republic ( GPRA ) formed by the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) during the Algerian war.A These understandings were signed March 18, 1962 in Evian and consequence in an immediate armistice applied to the full Algerian district. The Evian Accords besides allowed the colons equal legal protection with Algerians over a three-year period. These rights, among others, included regard for belongings, engagement in public personal businesss, and a full scope of civil and cultural rights[ 9 ]Competitive or concerted?It was preponderantly competitory, due to both parties were oriented to single benefits and additions, France and Algeria were working against the other for maximization of self-interest, France concentrated all its forces to retain the â€Å" Gallic Algeria †[ 10 ]and the FLN ( Front de Liberation Nationale ) was taking the mutuality from France. Towards the terminal of 1995 France and Algeria was involved in a complete clime of war[ 11 ].Presence of powerAlgeria did non hold much power because the initial military actions were limited and were without mass popular support, alternatively, France had more military power, but that was non plenty to hinder the Algerian independency. As the struggle grew the Gallic Army sent over 400,000 soldiers to Algeria in an effort to fleetly oppress the independency motion, their barbarous repute and contempt for the local public non merely served to mobilise the understandings of the local public in favour of independency, but besides turned universe sentiment against France[ 12 ].Trust, how to construct it?There was n't, swear in fact people thought that it was n't a manner to decide the job, as the Gallic curate of interior, socialist Francois Mitterrand said â€Å" the lone possible dialogue is war. † They can construct trust doing an understanding, but the of import point is non to do it but to carry through it, both parties would hold to maintain their promises, act as expected and put trust in the other, in this manner France and Algeria would make a concretion based trust.Unethical tactics and schemesThere was n't unethical tactics but societal contract and terminal consequence moralss used because both parties ( Algerian population and Gallic colonial authorities ) were believing that mass apprehensions and anguish was right for the society so it would be right for the persons and they thought that was ethical if they achieve what they want it and it does n't count how this was obtained. There was used contending as a scheme for dialogue, because both parties were seeking to carry the other to accept what they wanted that favor one ‘s ain involvements.Negotiation between the partiesthe independency tide was unstoppable, in 1962 the Evians Accord signaled France ‘s credence of self finding for the Algerian people and laid out the timetable for eventual Algerian independency in 1962 with Ben Bella as its first President[ 13 ], so, in this struggle was used a dialogue as via media, because France give up and accept the Algerian independency.DecisionsThe issue can be classified as a struggle because the Gallic colonial authorities and the Algerians had really of import differences and thought making an understanding was impossible. It was destructive ; this struggle let 1000000s of dead Gallic and Algerians. Although making an understanding seemed to be impossible the Algerians achieved it taking advantage of the failing phase France was traveling through and the dissension of the international community with its colonisation procedure. This struggle is chiefly political because it consists of an cultural struggles, race murders and war in general. The struggle was resolved in 1962 with the Evian ‘s agreement in which France accepted the conditions that leaded to the Algerian independency.